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・ 1934 Chicago Bears season
・ 1934 Chicago Cardinals season
・ 1934 Chicago Cubs season
・ 1934 Chicago White Sox season
・ 1934 Cincinnati Reds (NFL) season
・ 1934 Cincinnati Reds season
・ 1934 Claxton Shield
・ 1934 Cleveland Indians season
・ 1934 College Football All-America Team
・ 1934 college football season
・ 1934 Copa del Presidente de la República
・ 1934 Copa del Presidente de la República Final
・ 1934 Coupe de France Final
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1934 Declaration of Principles
・ 1934 Detroit Lions season
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・ 1934 Detroit Titans football team
・ 1934 Dixie Classic
・ 1934 Eastern Suburbs season
・ 1934 Ekstraklasa
・ 1934 English cricket season
・ 1934 Estonian Football Championship
・ 1934 European Amateur Boxing Championships
・ 1934 European Aquatics Championships
・ 1934 European Athletics Championships
・ 1934 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres
・ 1934 European Athletics Championships – Men's 100 metres
・ 1934 European Athletics Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles


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1934 Declaration of Principles : ウィキペディア英語版
1934 Declaration of Principles

The 1934 Declaration of Principles was a political platform of the Militant faction passed at the Socialist Party of America (SPA) May 1934 National Convention held in Detroit, Michigan. The document committed the organization to "refuse collectively to sanction or support any international war" and condemned the "bogus democracy of capitalist parliamentarism" in favor of establishment of a "genuine workers' democracy." The 1934 Declaration of Principles was instrumental in causing a split of the SPA, with its so-called "Old Guard" faction exiting the organization en masse to establish a rival organization, the Social Democratic Federation, in 1936.
==History==
The chief author of the 1934 Declaration of Principles was Devere Allen, a pacifist follower of Socialist Party leader Norman Thomas from Connecticut.〔Brad Bennett, "Devere Allen (1891-1955)," in Roger S. Powers, et al. (eds.), ''Protest, Power, and Change: An Encyclopedia of Nonviolent Action from ACT-UP to Women's Suffrage.'' London: Routledge, 1997; pp. ??.〕 It was vocally supported by the party's organized "Militant" faction.
In closing the debate at the convention, New York "Old Guard" leader Louis Waldman railed against adoption of the Declaration of Principles:

"I warn against these dangerous, provocative proposals, which will lead the party to ruin. They are anarchistic, illegal, Communist doctrine. This is a wild, irresponsible declaration."〔Louis Waldman, ''The Good Fight: A Quest for Social Progress.'' Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1975; pg. 219.〕

Then Norman Thomas went forward to close the debate in favor of adoption of the new declaration. Waldman recalls:

"When Thomas rose, he received a great ovation from the Militants, but he was pale and nervous. He had been maneuvered into a position inconsistent with his long time stance as a social reformer. He was ill-suited to be a leader of a revolutionary movement committed to violence and dictatorship. I considered him more a captive than a leader. While I felt that the leadership and encouragement he had given the Militants had helped bring the party to the brink of disaster, if not past it, I was nevertheless sympathetic to a man who had been cast in a role so alien to his past.


"But he had passed the point of no return. He rejoiced in the declaration, he said. He praised Allen. As a pacifist, he had little difficulty in making a general and eloquent statement about the horror of war, which he condemned. When he got to the question of seizure of power and the imposition of a dictatorship, he seemed lost. He declared that Fascism, which he said the declaration clearly implied was now at hand, 'left the Socialist Party no alternative but to seize power whether or not it had a majority."〔Waldman, ''The Good Fight:,'' pp. 219-220.〕

The 1934 Declaration of Principles was approved at the Detroit convention by a vote of delegates representing 10,882 members in favor, and delegates representing 6,512 opposed.〔Waldman, ''The Good Fight:,'' pg. 220.〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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